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Glossary

Abbreviations

AbbreviationFull TermDescription
ADOActiveX Data ObjectA Microsoft owned data access structure
AJAXAsyncronous Javascript and XMLA method of changed a web page after it has loaded
APIApplication Programming InterfaceTerm used to describe a set of function within a programming language
ASCIIAmerican Standard Code for Information InterchangeA method of encoding characters into binary
ASPActive Server PagesA server scripting language
B2BBusiness to BusinessA term used to describe a transaction between two businesses
BCCBlind Carbon CopyA method of sending a message to a recipient without revealing other recipients
BMPBitmapAn format used for image data
ByteNot ApplicableA series of 8 Bits
CaptchaCompletely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans ApartThis is a method of preventing spam often i
CCCarbon CopyA method of copying an email to another recipient
CGICommon Gateway InterfaceA server scripting language
CMSContent Management SystemA secure section of a website that allows editing and management
CSACertificate Signing AuthorityAn organisation entrusted with validating SSL certificates
CSRCertificate Signing RequestA code generated by a web server which can be used to apply an SSL certificate
CSSCascading Style SheetOne or more instructions for how data should look
CSVComma Separated ValuesA string of information delimited by commas
DBDatabaseA location for storing information
DHCPDynamic Host Control ProtocolAn automated service used by routers to assigned internal IP addresses
DLDownloadTo transfer a file into a computer
DLLDynamic Link LibraryA file used under Windows which contains functional code but cannot be executed alone
DNSDomain Name ServiceThe service responsible for converting domain names into IP addresses
DoSDenial of ServiceAn malicious attempt to make a service unavailable through artifically high demand
DOMDocument Object ModelA term which describes the structure of a webpage in JavaScript
DTDDocument Type DefinitionA declaration of which elements appear in a document
EULAEnd User License AgreementA set of terms and conditions supplied to a resource user
FAQFrequently Asked QuestionsA series of questions and answers published on a website for the benefit of visitors
FTPFile Transfer ProtocolA method of managing files in a website
GIFGraphic Interchange FormatA bitmap image format used widely on the internet
GPLGeneral Public LicenseA set of terms and conditions used to publish open source projects
HTMLHyper Text Markup LanguageA language used to denote different types of data within a web page
HTTPHyper Text Transfer ProtocolA method of transferring HTML data
IEInternet ExplorerAn Internet browser from Microsoft
IISInternet Informations ServicesWeb server software produced by Microsoft
IMInstant MessageA paragraph of text communicated instantly from one computer to another
IMAPInternet Message Access ProtocolA method of collecting email
IPInternet ProtocolThis is the addressing protocol the internet uses
IRCInternet Relay ChatSoftware which provides an instant messaging service
ISPInternet Service PrividerAn organisation that provides one or more internet services
ITInformation TechnologyA term which encompasses all communication services
JITJust In TimeA term which describes a process that takes place during a request
JPGJoint Photographic Experts GroupA compressed image format
JSJavascriptA client side scripting language
JSONJavascript Object NotationOne or more variables for use in a Javascript function
JSPJava Server PagesJava based server scripting language
KbKilobitA unit of data containing 1024 bits
KBKilobyteA unit of data containing 1024 bytes
KBKnowledge BaseA collection of articles that catalog a process
KEIKeyword Effectiveness IndexThe relationship between the number of searches versus the number of results for a particular
KPIKey Performance IndicatorThis is a metric used to judge the performance of a website, this may be the number of visitors or exit pages for example.
LAMPLinux, Apache, MySQL and PHPA popular web server configuration
LDAPLightweight Directory Access ProtocolA method of accessing or modifying a directory of objects over TCP/IP
MAMPMac Apache MySql and PHPA description of a Macintosh server configuration
MPEGMotion Pictures Experts GroupAn authority for video file formats (also a format its self)
MSMicrosoftA leading software company
MSDNMicrosoft Developer NetworkA knowledge base of Microsoft development information
MVCModel View ControllerA strategy for seperating website code into frontend, data and functional code
NaNNot a NumberA value returned by a javascript function where a number was expected but not found
NASNetwork Attached StorageA hard drive which is accessible via a network connection
NSNetscapeA company involved with the Internet since the very early days
OOObject OrientatedA modular programming principal
OSOperating SystemThe software a computer uses to run applications and services
PCREPerl Compatible Regular ExpressionsA language used to find patterns in strings of data
PGPPretty Good PrivacyA cryptographic application
PHPPersonal Home PageThe original term for the CGI binaries that comprise the PHP language
PHPPHP Hypertext ProcessorA server side scripting language
PNGPortable Network GraphicA format for compressed images
POPPoint of PresenceA gateway to the Internet
POP3Post Office Protocol (version 3)A method of collecting email
PPCPay Per ClickAn online advert which, when clicked, charges the person or organisation that commissioned the advert
RADRapid Application DevelopmentA method of programming applications which involves creating a prototype and iterating over it to add functionality
RSSReally Simple SyndicationAn XML document containing news information
SEFSearch Engine FriendlyA term used to decribe something designed to help search engines
SEOSearch Engine OptimisationA process of optimising and publicising a website
SMOSocial Media OptimisationA process of creating a social media presence for a company or website
SERPSSearch Engine Result PagesThe content displayed to a search engine user after a search is made
SMTPSimple Mail Tranfer ProtocolThe method of sending email
SQLStructured Query LanguageA language used to interface with a database server
SSHSecure ShellCommand line remote access to a web server
SSIServer Side IncludeA method of including another file into a web page
SSLSecure Sockets LayerAn encrypted method of communication over the Internet
SWFShockwave FlashA file containing Flash information
TCPTransport Control ProtocolA method of communicating information over the Internet
TLDTop Level DomainThe extention after a website name. ie. ec-plus.NET
TTLTime To LiveA limit (in seconds) until a DNS record must be refreshed
UIUser InterfaceThe controls an end user has access to
ULUploadTo transfer a file from a computer
URIUniversal Resource IdentifierA string of characters used to identify a resource on the Internet
URLUnversal Resource LocatorSpecifies where a URI is available and the mechanism for accessing it
URNUniversal Resource NameDefines the identity of a resource
VBVisual BasicA Microsoft owned scripting language
VOIPVoice over Internet ProtocolA method of holding a voice conversation over the Internet
W3CWorld Wide Web ConsortiumAn authority for Internet Standards
WAMPWindows Apache MySql and PHPA description of a particular Windows server configuration
WAVWAVEform audio formatAn audio file format
WMAWindows Media AudioA Microsoft owned audio format
WMVWindows Media VideoA Microsoft owned video format
WYSIWIGWhat You See Is What Your GetA system that displays content during editing exactly the same as how it appears when it is finally output
WWWWorld Wide WebRefers to the logical network created by the Internet
XAMLeXtensivle Application Markup LanguageA Microsoft owned language which initializes structured values and objects
XHTMLeXtensible Hypertext Markup LanguageA HTML document restricted by form
XMLExtensible Markup LanguageA means of storing data in plain text using elements
XSLeXtensible Stylesheet LanguageA Microsoft owned language for forming an XML document
XSLTeXtensible Stylesheet Language TransformationA declarative language used for transforming data into XML
XSSCross Site ScriptingA method of fetching information from a remote website

Terms

TermDefinition
BandwidthThe amount of data transferred to or from a website to visitors
Black Hat SEOThis is a collective term for website optimisation techniques which are considered unacceptible by search engines. This can result in a ban and rarely leads to lasting positioning effects
BlogThis is a slightly abbreviated version of web log. A site which posts regular snippets of information
BrowserThe software a visitor uses to view a website
CacheThis describes data which has been stored for later use to save resources
Call for ActionThis describes a link which prompts a user to carry out a procedure
ClientThis can describe a computer or person that makes use of a service
CrawlerThis is an automated script which analyses the content of a web page for use in a search engine or other service
DatabaseThis is a location that stores information which can often be queried to produce a report
DirectoryA list of resources
DownloadThe process of transferring data from a server to a client
EmailA method of communicating text and files over the internet
FeedThis is an internet resource which can used to sydicate information to other websites or applications
ForumThis is a type of website which organises converations into threads (a series of messages)
GetThis is a type of request with no posted data attached (See Also 'Post')
HitsThis is the total number of requests made to a website
MetaThis is information that describes something
PostAmbiguous: 1. Post data is a series of name - value pairs which are the result of a submitted HTML form 2. A forum post is a comment added by a user
ReferrersWhen a visitor arrives to a website using a link, they tell the server which address referred them.
ServerThis is a computer that provides a service
Social NetworkingA collective term for the use of websites which build communities for people with similar interests.
SpidersThis is an automated script which analyses the content of a web page for use in a search engine or other service. See Also 'Crawler'
TrafficIn the context of a website, traffic is the number of visitors arriving to the website.
UploadThe process of transferring data from a client to a server
VisitsIn terms of website statistics the number of visits represents the number of unique visitors within a given period of time.
Web 2.0A term describing a website that allows users to interact and contribute as opposed to simply reading information
WebmasterThis is a person responsible for maintaining an internet resource
White Hat SEOThis is a collective term for search engine optimisation techniques that are endorsed by search engines. These techniques promote organic traffic and create long lasting effects.

HTTP Status Codes

These are numbers sent in response from a web server which indicate how the server responded. Here are some of the most commonly encountered codes:

CodeMeaningDescription
200OKThe server responded to the request correctly.
301Permanently MovedThe content for the requested page was moved to another URL permanently.
302Temporarily MovedThe content for the requested page was moved to another URL temporarily.
401Not AuthorisedAuthentication is available but has not been provided or details were invalid.
403ForbiddenThe server refused the request without authentication
404Not FoundThe requested URL is invalid
500Internal Server ErrorA generic message denoting a problem with a request.
503Service UnavailableReturned when a web server is unable to deal with a request due to high traffic or maintenance

HTML Elements

NameMeaningDescription
AAnchorA link to a page or bookmark within a page
BBoldText within this element appears in bold font weight
BodyDocument BodyThis is the section of a web page which is visible to a user
CodeCode ExampleText contained in this element is demonstrating code of some sort
DDDefinition DescriptionAn item in a list of descriptions
DivDividerA section of a document
DLDefinition ListA list of terms and definitions
DTDefinition TermA term within a definition list
EMEmphasisText within this element becomes italicised by default
FieldsetFieldsetA border surrounding elements of a form
FormFormThis element contains interactive input elements which can be submitted back to the server
H1-H6HeadingsThese elements denote a heading, the number denotes the size or importance (1 being the largest/highest)
HeadDocument HeaderContains information about a document
HRHorizontal RuleA horizontal line
HTMLHyper Text Markup LanguageThis element is the root of the document tree of element (the parent of all other elements)
IMGImageThis element displays an image within a web page
InputInputA element that can be used by a client to indicate a preference or supply information
LabelLabelA label for an input element
LegendLegendA caption for a fieldset
LIList ItemAn item within a ordered or unordered list
MapImage MapThis element defines areas of an image which link to another page or bookmark
MetaMeta DataDescribes the information within a document
NoScriptNo ScriptThis element contains alternative content for users without JavaScript
ObjectObjectAn element used to embed media such as video or audio within a document
OLOrdered ListA list of numbered items
OptionOptionA drop down list item
PParagraphA chunk of text to be separated from surrounding text with whitespace
ScriptScriptThis element contains code which carries out one or more functions within a web page
SelectSelectA drop down list
SpanSpanThis defines a section of a document
StrongStrongText within this element is displayed in bold
StyleStyleThis element contains information which adds styles to elements within the same document
TableTableThis is an element for displaying tabular data
TBodyTable BodyThis is the main section of a table
TDTable DataThis is a cell within the body of a table
TextareaText AreaA multi-line text input field
TFootTable FootThis is the section of a table below the main data
THeadTable HeadThis is the section of a table that contains column headings
TitleDocument TitleThis element appears in the head section of an HTML document and gives a brief description of the page content
TRTable RowThis element groups table headings or data into a row
ULUnordered ListA bullet point list

Data Sizes

The following units of data are arranged in ascending order of size.

AbbreviationFull NameDescription
bBitThis is the smallest unit of data. It contains a single binary digit (0 or 1)
BByteA byte contains 8 Bits
KbKilobitA unit of data which contains 1024 Bits, often used to measure network transfer speeds (Kb/second)
KBKilobyteA unit of data which contains 1024 Bytes, often used to measure file upload or download speeds
MbMegabitA unit of data which contains 1024 Kilobits, often used to measure network transfer speeds (Mb/second)
MBMegabyteA unit of data which contains 1024 Kilobytes, often used to measure file upload or download speeds
GbGigabitA unit of data which contains 1024 Megabits, this is mostly used for intranet speed measurement (Gigabit LAN)
GBGigabyteA unit of data which contains 1024 Megabytes, the size of hard drives are indicated using this unit
TBTerabyteA unit of data which contains 1024 Gigabytes, some hard drives indicate their capacity using this unit
PBPetabyteA unit of data which contains 1024 Terabytes or a quadrillion Bytes